“他山之石”:张载“太虚即气”命题的天文学初诠

“The Stone of Other Mountains” : An Initial Astronomical Interpretation of Zhang Zai’s “Taixu ji Qi” Proposition

张载作为中国古代杰出的思想家、关学学派的创立者,其思想体系蔚为大观,然而其独特的天文思想并未受到足够的重视。同时,"太虚即气"这一重要命题的具体内涵长久以来未有定论。从宇宙结构、宇宙运动以及宇宙动因三个方面探讨张载的天文学思想并且明确"太虚"与"气"在天文学中的具体内涵和关系,能够对理解张载"太虚即气"命题的内涵和成因提供一个独特的视角。此外,通过分析《尚书·考灵曜》"双重天球"模式和"地动说"对张载天文思想的影响,是对张载天文思想研究的推动。

As an outstanding thinker and the founder of Guan School in ancient China,Zhang Zai’s ideological system is of great significance,but his unique astronomical thought has not received enough attention.At the same time,there has been no final conclusion on the specific connotation of the important proposition of"Taixu ji Qi"for a long time.This paper discusses Zhang Zai’s astronomical thoughts from three aspects:the structure of the universe,the movement of the universe and the cause of the universe,and makes clear the specific connotation and relationship between"Taixu"and"Qi"in astronomy,providing a unique perspective for understanding the connotation and cause of Zhang Zai’s proposition"Taixu ji Qi".In addition,through analysis of the influence of the"double celestial sphere"mode and"earth motion theory"in Shang Shu·Kaoling Yao on Zhang Zai’s astronomical thought,which is a promotion of the research on his astronomical thought.