科学的社会研究中科学事实与价值的关系史研究

Research on the History of the Relationship between Scientific Facts and Value in Social Studies of Science

科学的社会研究的"三波"关于科学事实与价值的关系有不同认识。"第一波"认为科学事实与价值无涉,可称之为"先验二分说"。"第二波"认为实践中科学事实与价值不可分,可称之为"经验不可分说"。"第三波"既承认实践中科学事实与价值不可分,又要求在实践中应尽力将科学事实与价值分开,可称之为"应然二分说"。"应然二分说"虽要面对批评,但它是重塑科学的文化地位、抵制当代技术民粹主义及解决技术决策中"延伸问题"的要求。

The"three waves"of social studies of science have different understandings about the relationship between scientific facts and value.The"first wave"insisted on the normative position and believed that scientific facts and values were not related,which can be called the"transcendental dichotomy".The"second wave"insists on describing the position and believes that scientific facts and value are inseparable in scientific practice,which can be called"inseparable in experience".The"third wave"is an understanding based on the first two waves,but also different from the"first wave"and the"second wave".Every effort should be made to separate scientific facts from value in technological decision-making,which can be called the"ought to dichotomy".Although the theory of"ought to dichotomy"has to face some criticism,it is the requirement of remolding the cultural status of science,resisting the contemporary technological populism,and solving the"problem of extension"in technical decision-making.