亚里士多德论感觉之接受性——从蜡印比喻出发看

Aristotle on the Receptivity of Perception: A View Based on the Wax-print Metaphor

在当代对亚里士多德感觉理论的解释中,存在着物理主义与精神主义之争,然而二者都受制于某种不自知的前提,即作用—受作用模式。而潜能—实现模式可以更好地解释感觉中的作用机制,同时澄清蜡印比喻的意义与局限,并引出感觉是否具有主动性这一问题。黑格尔的解读最为奇特,其实质是将努斯引入到感觉问题中。这虽然在文本上对亚里士多德有所偏离,然而在更高层面并不违背亚氏哲学的整体原则,且有助于更加深刻地把握亚氏感觉理论。

In interpreting Aristotle’s theory of perception,both schools of physicalist and spiritualist are subject to an unconscious premise,that is"act and be affected"mode.This paper argues that"potentiality and actuality"mode can better explain the mechanism of perception.It can also better clarify the meaning of and identify the limitations of the"wax-print metaphor".Using"potentiality and actuality"mode,this paper can answer the question whether the receptivity of perception is active.Hegel’s interpretation,which introduces intellect into the mechanism of perception,is most peculiar.Although this interpretation deviates from Aristotle in the text and causes misunderstanding and confusion,it does not violate the principle of Aristotle’s theory of perception and contributes to a deeper understanding of this question.