传统戏场中瓮的声学效果之商榷

Discussion of the Acoustic Effects of the Jar in the Traditional Theater

针对在传统戏台设"共鸣瓮"以增强戏曲演奏声学效果的说法,本文通过文献调研、声学原理以及相关实验数据的分析,指出"设瓮"一说广为流传,亦在个别传统戏台确有其事,但是由于"瓮"而产生振动,实为选择性频率吸声。而在考古中发现的瓮,其共振频率并不在人声和传统乐器的主要频率范围,实无"助声"之效果。尽管如此,古人对传统戏场的"助声"仍然做了有益的尝试,如戏台藻井和八字壁等建筑形式的出现。

In view of the"resonance"jarin the stage to improve the acoustic effect of the Chinese opera,this paper analyzes this method with literature investigation,acoustic principles and experimental data,points out that the method is widely spread.And several traditional theaters do have their own affairs.There is something wrong with it,because the vibration is generated with the"jar",which is actually the selective frequency sound absorption.In the archaeological discovery,the resonance frequency of the jar is not in the main frequency range of voices and traditional instruments,and there is no effect of"assistance".Despite all this,the ancients still made useful attempts to"improve the acoustic effect"of traditional theaters,including the appearance of architectural forms such as sunk panel and eight-character walls.