生态伦理视角下柏格森创造进化论探析

On Bergson’s Theory of Creative Evolution from the Perspective of Ecological Ethics

通过对19世纪科学及生命哲学的总结与反思,柏格森提出了创造进化论。以创造主体是否具有绵延与道德,创造进化论将世界分割成生命与物质。人的生命具有道德属性,自由意识是道德生命的本质,只有具备自由意识的生命才拥有生命冲动,它占据了绵延;占据了绵延的生命冲动过程造就了道德生命的绵延过程。由此,柏格森建立了生命与伦理道德的关联,认为道德生命发展是在自然演进基础上的漫长过程,人类实现"自我"的努力就是与自然界相联系的自我的实现。这启示后人重新审视人与自然的关系,建立以道德情感基础的整体观、扩大其道德责任、扩充其道德关怀。

Based on the summary and reflection of the 19th century’s science and the philosophy of life,Bergson puts forward the theory of Creative Evolution.The Creative Evolution divides the world into life and material depending on whether the subject has stretch and moral.The human life has the moral character and the free consciousness is the essence of the moral life.Only the life with the freedom consciousness can have the life impulse,it occupies the stretch;the process of the life impulse that occupies the stretch of life has created the process of the moral life.As a result,Bergson establishes the relationship between life and ethics.He believes that the development of moral life is a long process on the basis of natural evolution.At the same time,the human-to-"self"effort is the self-realization that is linked to the nature of nature.It is an inspiration to the future to re-examine the relationship between human and nature,to establish a holistic view based on the moral and emotional foundation,to expand its moral responsibility and to expand its moral concern.