STS三次浪潮中的实在论立场

The Argument of Realism in Three Waves of STS

自科学研究的第三次浪潮"专长与经验研究"提出以来,学界对此争论不休。特别是,关于专长实在性的批判较多。因此,文章对STS三次浪潮中的实在论立场进行梳理、修正和夯实。将作为第一次浪潮基础的实证主义修正为科学实在论;并梳理第二次浪潮中的反实在论及基于此的科学知识社会学;指出早期研究对于第三次浪潮中实在论论证的失败。文章重新回顾其思想渊源——维特根斯坦晚期思想,并从中抽取出修正实在论作为第三次浪潮的哲学基础与实在论立场。文章意在通过实在论的探讨推进专长与经验研究,并参与到关于第三次浪潮的重要讨论中。

As the third wave of social studies of science,studies of expertise and experience(SEE)was proposed,the academia had been discussing heatedly.Especially,the academia criticizes its view of realism.Therefore,this paper summarizes,revises,and then promotes the argument of realism in three waves of STS,responding to this topic.Firstly,it revises the philosophic foundation of the first wave to scientific realism from positivism;secondly,it summarizes the anti-realism and sociology of scientific knowledge,which based on it.Lastly,it points out the failure of the early argument of SEE,and reviews its philosophic origin,Wittgenstein’s later thoughts.We extract revised realism from it and take it as the foundation of the third wave.Through the analysis,this paper tries to promote the SEE,and participates into the valuable and important discussion about the third wave.