恒温恒湿及覆膜防止化石风化的实验研究——以山旺生物群化石为例

Experimental Research of Constant Temperature and Humidity and Membranes to Prevent Fossils from Weathering:A Case Study of the Fossils of Shanwang Fauna

山旺生物群埋藏于山东临朐山旺盆地,是我国重要的化石保护地。硅藻土存在结构松散、吸附水易挥发和标本容易风化成粉末等问题。本文以山旺化石为例,在大量实验基础上,考察恒温恒湿及覆膜对硅藻土化石变化的影响,通过扫描电镜表征,讨论重量及外观的变化及变化机制。实验结果表明,20℃,40%的湿度和30℃,50%的湿度的条件下,失重率较低,水分挥发较缓慢,有利于标本的保存。覆膜有利于保护标本。PB浓度越高,标本的失重率越低,标本的完整度保持越高,产生的裂隙及破损较少。

The Shanwang Fauna buried in the Shanwang Basin,Shandong is an important fossils protection site in China.Diatomite is subject to such problems as loose structure,volatile absorbed water,and proneness of weathering into powder.With Shanwang Fossils as an example,and on the basis of numerous experiments,this paper attempts to examine the impact of constant temperature and humidity on the changes of diatomite fossils and discuss the changes in weight and appearance and the mechanism of changes through scanning electron microscope(SEM).The experimental results demonstrate that at 20℃and 40%RH or 30℃and 50%RH the storage state of the weight loss rate of the specimens is low,and the hydration slow,conducive to the preservation of the specimens.Coating can help protect the specimens.With a higher PB concentration,the weight loss rate of the specimens becomes lower,the intactness of the specimens is higher,and fewer cracks and breakages are produced.