播期对北疆鲜食玉米生长发育、果穗特性及经济效益的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Development, Ear Characteristics and Economic Benefits of Fresh Corn in Northern Xinjiang

为探讨不同播期对鲜食玉米果穗特性及经济效益的影响,以水果玉米品种‘超甜1号’为材料,调查不同播期(5月8日、5月18日、5月28日及6月7日,分别用B1、B2、B3、B4处理表示)下鲜食玉米的农艺性状、叶绿素SPAD值、吐丝期光合特性、穗部特征以及经济效益。结果表明:鲜食玉米的株高表现为B1>B3>B2>B4,而茎粗则以5月18日以后播种的较粗。各播期下的玉米叶片叶绿素SPAD值在采摘期内均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,但在吐丝至采摘阶段表现为B3>B1>B2>B4。不同播期的鲜食玉米在吐丝期穗位叶的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均表现为B3>B2>B1>B4,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)表现趋势正好相反。鲜食玉米的穗行数、穗粒数、穗长和穗粗均表现为B3>B2>B1>B4。从经济效益来看,以B1处理最高,为3.59万元/hm2。

To explore the effect of sowing date on ear characteristics and economic benefits of fresh corn,the fruit corn variety’Super Sweet No.1’was selected to investigate the agronomic characters,chlorophyll SPAD value,photosynthetic characteristics,ear characteristics and economic benefits in silking stage under different sowing dates(May 8,May 18,May 28 and June 7 as B1,B2,B3 and B4,respectively).The results showed that the plant height was B1>B3>B2>B4,while the stem diameter was thicker under the sowing dates after May18.The SPAD value of chlorophyll in corn leaves under different sowing dates all showed a trend of increase first and then decrease,but was B3>B1>B2>B4 from silking stage to picking stage.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of ear leaves at silking stage under different sowing dates were B3>B2>B1>B4,while the trend of intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)was the opposite.The number of rows per ear and grains per ear,and the ear length and ear diameter were B3>B2>B1>B4.In terms of economic benefits,B1 treatment was the highest of 35900 yuan/hm2.