西南地区乡村衰落具体表现及诱发问题研究

Study on the Specific Performance and Induced Problems of Rural Decline in Southwest China

为研究乡村衰落问题,以重庆3个村庄为研究对象,采用案例分析的方法对西南山区乡村衰落进行研究。调研发现,受地理地貌、生产条件、居住方式等条件制约,西南地区乡村衰落的现象与问题更加突出,表现出人口大量外流、耕地撂荒增加、农房闲置率提高、务农人员老龄化、农民务农意不高、农业经营收入占家庭收入比重下降、义务教育外移、村自治组织弱化等多重现象,并诱发了严重的乡村养老问题、农业产业发展问题、乡村治理问题和乡土文明断裂问题。研究提出,推进乡村振兴,应充分考虑地区差异,因地施策;应重视乡土文化和乡村养老问题;应激活农村资源,丰富农业形态,兴旺农村经济。

The paper aims to study the decline of rural areas in the southwest mountainous areas through the case of three villages in Chongqing.The study found that the phenomena and problems of rural decline in the southwestern region have become more serious due to the influence of geographical features,production conditions and living patterns.It has shown a large outflow of population,an increase in farmland abandonment,an increase in the vacancy rate of agricultural houses,aging of farmers,a low level of farming willingness,a decline in the proportion of agricultural income in household income,an outbound shift of compulsory education,and a weakening of village self-governing organizations.These phenomena have caused problems of rural pension,agricultural industry development,rural governance and rural civilization.The article proposes that to promote rural revitalization,we should fully consider regional differences and make decisions based on local conditions,highlight local culture and rural pension issues,activate rural resources,enrich agricultural forms,and boost the rural economy.