耕作方式对伊犁河谷旱地农田土壤物理性质和小麦产量的影响

Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Wheat Yield:Tillage Methods in Arid Farmland in Ili River Valley

为探讨耕作方式对新疆旱地农田土壤物理性质及小麦生长的影响,在免耕、传统耕作和深松3种耕作方式下,通过田间取样和室内烘干称重测得新疆旱地农田土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤含水量、土壤三相比值及小麦产量数据。结果表明:不同耕作方式下土壤容重、孔隙度、含水量、三相比R值和产量表现出一定差异。相比于免耕,传统耕作和深松降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量,改善了土壤三相比例,尤其深松处理土壤容重和孔隙度显著改善。小麦产量以深松处理最高,分别比传统耕作、免耕增加20.71%、24.28%。因此,深松有利于改善土壤结构、改良土壤物理性质,促进小麦产量提高。

The aim is to explore the effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties and wheat growth in arid farmland of Xinjiang.The soil bulk density,porosity,soil water content,soil three-phase ratio and wheat yield were measured by field sampling and laboratory drying weighing under three tillage modes of no-tillage,traditional tillage and subsoiling.The results showed that soil bulk density,porosity,water content,threephase ratio R and yield showed some differences under different tillage methods.Compared with no-tillage,traditional tillage and subsoiling reduced soil bulk density,increased soil porosity and soil water content,and improved the three-phase ratio of soil.In particular,the subsoiling treatment significantly improved soil bulk density and porosity,and obtained the highest yield of wheat,which increased by 20.71%and 24.28%respectively compared with that of traditional tillage and no-tillage.Therefore,subsoiling is conducive to improving soil structure,soil physical properties and wheat yield.