不同生态区梨树传粉昆虫调查及其优势传粉昆虫访花行为研究

Investigation on Pollinators and Flower-visiting Behavior of Dominant Pollinators of Pear Trees in Different Eco-regions

为探究梨优势传粉昆虫,在对山西省平川区和近山区的梨树野生传粉昆虫调查的基础上,分析野生传粉昆虫的种类、数量及其访花行为。结果表明,2个调查样地访花昆虫共有4目15科22种。近山区传粉昆虫的种类和数量较平川区丰富。近山区优势传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂、毛附黑条蜂、黄胸地蜂。3个蜂种均喜欢访问树干中上部花朵;中华蜜蜂访问上部花、中部花、下部花的比例分别为36.9%、51.1%、12.0%;毛附黑条蜂访问上部花、中部花、下部花的比例分别为46.5%、38.0%、15.5%;黄胸地蜂访问上部花、中部花、下部花的比例分别为41.2%、37.6%、21.2%。中华蜜蜂[(11.95±0.87)朵/min]和毛附黑条蜂[(12.52±2.16)朵/min]的传粉频率显著高于黄胸地蜂[(6.64±0.56)朵/min],中华蜜蜂是梨传粉的理想昆虫。研究可为明确山西省梨树野生传粉昆虫现状、建立野生传粉昆虫数据库及梨授粉用蜂提供理论依据。

To explore the dominant pollinators of pear trees,we investigated the wild pollinators of pear trees in the plain and mountainous areas in Shanxi,and analyzed the species,quantity and flower-visiting behavior of the wild pollinators.The results showed that there were 4 orders,15 families and 22 species in the two different eco-regions.The species and quantities of pollinators in the mountainous areas were more abundant than those in plain areas.Apis cerana cerana,Anthophora plumipes and Andrena thoracica were the dominant pollinators.All the three bee species visited upper middle flowers of the trunk frequently,the proportion of the upper flowers,middle flowers and lower flowers visited by Apis cerana cerana was 36.9%,51.1%,12.0%,respectively;by Anthophora plumipes was 46.5%,38.0%,15.5%,respectively,and by Andrena thoracica was 41.2%,37.6%,21.2%,respectively.The visiting frequency of Apis cerana cerana and Anthophora plumipes was(11.95±0.87)flowers/min and(12.52±2.16)flowers/min,respectively,which was significantly higher than(6.64±0.56)flowers/min of Andrena thoracica,so Apis cerana cerana was the ideal pollinators for pear trees.The research provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the current situation of pear tree pollinators in Shanxi and establishing a database of wild pollinators and pear tree pollination bees.