作物根系形态对施肥措施的响应

Response of Crop Root Morphology to Fertilization Measures

旨在有效利用有限的肥料资源以及为高效作物品种选种提供理论基础,进一步实现作物经济收益最大化和环境污染最小化。笔者综述了作物为适应不同施肥条件所产生的一系列根系形态学变化,分析了不同施肥处理对作物根系形态指标的影响:(1)植物根系普遍随元素水平的提高产生"低促高抑"的现象;(2)减量和优化施肥对作物根系的发育和建成有促进作用;(3)元素过高过低均抑制根系生长;(4)有机肥可弥补化肥养分单一和供肥不平衡的缺点,与化肥配合施用更能促进根系生长发育。作物可以通过根系形态的适应性变化来适应不同的施肥处理,以改变形态发育来增强对土壤中营养元素的吸收,提高肥料利用率。

The paper aims to effectively use limited fertilizer resources and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high-efficiency crop varieties to further maximize crop economic benefits and minimize environmental pollution.We summarized a series of root morphological changes resulted from crops adapting to different fertilization conditions,and analyzed the influences of different fertilization treatments on crop root morphological indexes.The main results were as follows:(1)the root system of plants generally had the phenomenon of"low promotion and high inhibition"with the increase of element level;(2)reducing and optimizing fertilizer could promote the development and establishment of crop roots;(3)too high and too low elements inhibited the root growth;(4)organic fertilizer could make up for the single nutrient in chemical fertilizer and unbalanced fertilizer supply,and could promote the growth and development of roots combined with chemical fertilizer.Crops can adapt to different fertilizer treatments through the adaptive change of root morphology,so as to enhance the absorption of nutrient elements in soil and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer by changing morphological development.