台风影响下海水养殖塘水环境响应特征分析

Water Environment Response of Marine Aquaculture Ponds to Typhoon: Characteristics Analysis

挑选2013—2017年对宁波影响较大的强降水型和非强降水型台风,基于台风影响期间宁波地区5个代表性海水养殖塘水环境因子观测资料(水温T、溶解氧DO、盐度S、酸碱度pH),通过谐波分析和数理统计,以期探究台风期间海水养殖塘水环境因子的变化特征及关键影响因子。结果显示:(1)2阶谐波能反映养殖塘水体的T、pH和DO变化,3阶谐波能较好模拟S变化;(2)在台风影响关键期,水环境因子的谐波构成中短周期谐波的比重整体上升,强降水型台风短周期谐波的比重较非强降水台风高;(3)在相关性分析基础上,利用水环境和气象要素谐波构成及变化对比,可得T和DO变化主要受气温影响,强降水对S和pH影响显著。谐波方法能较好地模拟台风影响期间海水养殖塘水环境因子的变化特征,并为养殖塘水环境关键气象影响因子筛选提供新的思路。

To explore the variation characteristics and key impact factors of water environment of marine aquaculture ponds during typhoon,based on the observation data of water environmental factors from 5 representative marine aquaculture ponds in Ningbo,including water temperature(T),dissolved oxygen(DO),salinity(S)and pH,we selected the heavy precipitation and non-heavy precipitation typhoons which had great influence on Ningbo from 2013 to 2017,and carried out the harmonic analysis and mathematical statistics.The results showed that:(1)the second order harmonics could reflect the variation of T,pH and DO in the aquaculture pond water,and the third order harmonics could well simulate the change of S;(2)during the critical period of typhoon impact,the proportion of short and medium-period harmonics in water environmental factors increased,and the proportion of short-period harmonics in heavy precipitation typhoon was higher than that in non-heavy precipitation typhoon;(3)on the basis of correlation analysis,by comparing the harmonic components and changes of water environment and meteorological elements,it could be concluded that the changes of T and DO were mainly affected by temperature,and heavy precipitation had significant effects on S and pH.The harmonic method can better simulate the variation characteristics of water environment factors in aquaculture ponds during typhoon,and provide a new idea for the screening of key meteorological factors of water environment.