大豆亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性研究

Genetic Distance of Soybean Parents and Heterosis: Correlation Study

为提高杂交育种效率,有必要对杂种优势预测进行探索。本研究选用国内外不同地区10份材料,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交法组配45个杂交组合,利用SSR分子标记遗传距离预测大豆亲本间杂种优势。结果表明:10份亲本中检测到417个多态性等位基因变异,多态性位点变化范围为2~5个,遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.520~0.695,平均GS值为0.5996。10份供试材料被分为两大类,F1杂种优势值从3.4%~42.1%,F1性状均具有不同程度正向杂种优势。其中,单株粒数杂种优势与遗传距离的相关系数为0.461,达显著水平。其余8个农艺、品质性状与遗传距离的相关系数未达显著水平。初步认为,利用该174个SSR分子标记检测亲本间遗传差异,对本研究10份大豆亲本间杂种优势预测效果不显著。利用分子标记遗传距离预测大豆亲本杂种优势的方法有待进一步研究。

The prediction of heterosis could improve the breeding efficiency.We selected 10 materials from different regions at home and abroad,and matched 45 hybrid combinations according to the incomplete diallel cross model(NCⅡ),and predicted the heterosis of soybean parents by the genetic distance of SSR molecular markers.The results showed that:417 polymorphic alleles were detected in 10 parents;the variation range of polymorphic loci was 2-5,the genetic similarity coefficient(GS)varied from 0.520 to 0.695,and the average GS was 0.5996;10 test materials could be divided into two categories,the heterosis value of F1 was from 3.4%to 42.1%,indicating that all the traits of F1 had positive heterosis in different degrees;the correlation between the heterosis value and genetic distance was 0.461,reaching a significant level;the correlation between the other 8 agronomic and quality traits and the genetic distance was positive,but the correlation coefficient was not significant.The results of heterosis prediction of 10 soybean parents by using 174 SSR molecular markers are not obvious,and the methods of soybean heterosis prediction by molecular markers need to be further explored.