平行农业:迈向智慧农业的智能技术

Parallel agriculture: intelligent technology toward smart agriculture

农业生产具有很强的不确定性、多样性、复杂性,其经营效益与自然条件、国家政策、市场环境息息相关。互联网时代的到来,给农业生产带来了新的挑战和机遇。总的来说,智慧农业是指利用信息技术,对农业生产—经营—管理—服务全产业链进行智能化控制,实现农业生产的优质、高效、安全和可控。在略述当前智慧农业信息感知、智能决策和决策实施三方面技术现状的基础之上,提出实现智慧农业智能决策之平行农业技术,以及如何以人工系统实现描述智能、以计算实验实现预测智能、以平行执行实现引导智能,并提出与农业企业资源计划、农业生产执行系统、农业生产过程控制系统相结合的构想。在当今大力发展农业规模化生产的背景下,为发展工业化的农业生产和经营提供了思路。

Agricultural production is featured by strong uncertainty, diversity and complexity. Production benefit is related to natural conditions, national policies and market environment. Internet brings new challenges and chances to the management in agriculture. Generally speaking, smart agriculture refers to smart control on full production chain including management and service, using ICT techniques, in order to achieve high quality, high efficiency, security and controllability. Based on a brief introduction on the techniques related to these three aspects, the parallel agriculture as the methodology for decision support in smart agriculture was proposed, with artificial system for description intelligence, computational experiments for prediction intelligence, and parallel execution for prescription intelligence. Moreover, the link to agricultural enterprise resource planning(ERP) system, manufacturing execution system(MES) and process control system(PCS) was discussed. As China was developing large-scale agricultural production, methodology for managing scaled agriculture production was provided.