电子商务对农村家庭增收作用的机制分析——基于需求与供给有效对接的微观检验

The Mechanism of the Role of E-commerce in Increasing Rural Household Income:AnAnalysis Based on a Micro Empirical Test of the Interaction Between Demand and Supply

本文将清华大学电子商务交易技术国家工程实验室等机构联合发布的"中国电子商务发展指数"与2016年和2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据库进行匹配,从需求与供给有效对接的角度考察了电子商务的发展对农村家庭增收的作用。研究结果表明:首先,电子商务的发展显著提高了农户的收入,且这种促进作用还有助于缩小农村内部收入差距和城乡收入差距;其次,电子商务的发展有助于缓解信息不对称,显著提升了城镇居民与衣食相关的消费水平,为扩大农村电商产品市场规模打下基础,推动了农村居民的就业和创业。最后,本文还考察了电商发展对农村家庭增收的异质性作用,发现从事乡村产业、家庭成员平均受教育程度更高的家庭和农村固定资产投资更高的地区更受益于电子商务的发展。

This article combines"Index of China E-commerce"published by Tsinghua University and other institutions with CFPS2016 and CFPS2018 to analyze the effect of the development of e-commerce on income increase of rural households from the perspective of effective matching of supply and demand.The empirical results suggest that,firstly,the development of e-commerce significantly increases rural households’income and decreases the income gap not only within rural households but also between urban and rural households.Secondly,the development of e-commerce helps eliminate the problem of information asymmetry and increase the consumption level of urban residents,especially the consumption of food and clothing,expanding the market scale of rural e-commerce products and promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of rural residents.Finally,the empirical study also examines the heterogeneous effect of e-commerce development on rural household income,and finds that families engaged in rural industry,those with higher average education level of household members,and areas with higher investmentin rural fixed assets,may benefit more fromthe developmentof e-commerce.