控烟条例实施1年对北京市15岁及以上人群禁烟场所知晓和二手烟危害认知的影响

The awareness of no smoking seats and the recognition of second hand smoke hazard in Beijing residents(≥15 years old) in one year after implementation of smoke control regulations

目的了解北京市15岁及以上人群对禁烟场所的知晓情况和对二手烟危害的认知情况,评价实施《北京市控制吸烟条例》对此的影响。方法本研究数据源于2014和2016年北京市成人烟草调查。两次调查均采用多阶段整群概率抽样法,样本覆盖北京市16区。以面对面询问的方式使用电子化问卷收集相关数据。2014和2016年分别获得100个监测点的有效个人问卷8484和9372份。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件和R 3.4.4软件对样本进行复杂抽样加权,并进行χ^2检验。结果北京市15岁及以上人群知晓中小学校内、医疗机构室内、室内工作场所和出租车内为禁烟场所的比例分别由2014年的62.7%、60.4%、44.1%和58.2%提高到2016年的91.7%、85.7%、82.3%和80.5%,变化率分别为46.3%、41.9%、86.6%和38.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2016年北京市15岁及以上人群对大学室内、餐馆、网吧或夜总会禁烟规定的知晓率分别为89.4%、82.7%和61.6%;排队等候时禁止吸烟的知晓率为66.8%。2014和2016年北京市15岁及以上人群知晓二手烟导致成人肺癌的总体知晓率分别为89.2%和89.6%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2016年北京市15岁及以上人群对二手烟导致儿童肺部疾病、成人心脏病和所有3种疾病的知晓率(分别为89.1%、72.8%和69.2%)均高于2014年(分别为83.6%、64.4%和60.8%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论《北京市控制吸烟条例》的实施提高了公众对法规规定的禁烟场所的知晓情况,并对提高公众对二手烟危害的认知起到了促进作用。

Objective To investigate the awareness of no smoking seats and the recognition of second hand smoke hazard in Beijing residents(≥15 years old),and to evaluate the influence of implementation of Beijing Smoking Control Regulation.Methods Data were from the Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey in 2014 and 2016.The two investigations were used by the multistage cluster probability sampling method,and two investigations were involved in 16 districts of Beijing city.The data were collected with faceto-face inquire and electronic questionnaire.The effective questionnaires from 100 monitor points in 2014 and 2016 were 8484 and 9372,respectively.Complex sampling weighting was used to the samples,the χ^2 test was used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 20.0 and R 3.4.4.Results The awareness proportions of no smoking seats(primary and secondary schools,healthcare facilities,workplaces and taxis)in Beijing residents(≥15 years old)were from 62.7%,60.4%,44.1%and 58.2%in2014 to 91.7%,85.7%,82.3%and 80.5%in 2016,the change rates were 46.3%,41.9%,86.6%and 38.3%,respectively(P<0.01).The awareness rates of no smoking rule in indoor area of universities,restaurants and bars/nightclubs of Beijing residents(≥15 years old)in 2016 were 89.4%,82.7%and 61.6%,respectively;the awareness rate of no smoking for waiting in line was66.8%.The awareness rates of adult lung cancer induced by second hand smoking of Beijing residents(≥15 years old)in 2014 and 2016 were 89.2%and 89.6%(P>0.05);the awareness rates of three diseases(lung disease in children,adult heart disease and all three types of diseases)induced by second hand smoking of Beijing residents(≥15 years old)in 2016 were 89.1%,72.8%and 69.2%,respectively;which were significantly higher than those(83.6%,64.4%and 60.8%)in 2014(P<0.01).Conclusion The implementation of Beijing Smoking Control Regulation increased the awareness of no smoking places in the residents,and enhanced the recognition of second hand smoke hazard in residents.