1995年后的妇联:能否重拾作为人民团体的群众性?

The Prospects of Women’s Federation after 1995:Is A Reorientation Toward Women Possible?

本文以1995年"世妇会"上关于妇联是不是"真正的NGO"的争议为出发点,首先指出NGO话语在历史发展的过程中已经被本质化、抽象化了。"真正的NGO"并不存在于任何一个具体的社会中。对妇联是不是"真正的NGO"的质疑既是西方的话语霸权,也是对中国妇联既有工作模式的挑战。其次分析了妇联面对这一争议显得有些失语的内在原因。本文认为20世纪八九十年代,中国社会内部在妇女研究和如何做妇女工作方面未形成有效理论话语与西方对话,加之妇联自身存在的官僚化、行政化的工作模式,"脱离群众"的问题,可能是两个内在的原因。最后,本文认为,面对当下性别关系趋向复杂多元、劳动妇女问题相对遮蔽,以及国际社会对中国性别议题的质疑与政治化等新的挑战,妇联需要重拾自身作为人民团体的群众性,重拾与广大劳动妇女的联结,并积极参与到当下性别议题的话语构建的讨论中,重建自己的群众性与人民性。

This paper aims to discuss the controversy over whether or not the All-China Women’s Federation(ACWF)is"a real NGO",which arose at the Fourth UN Conference on Women in 1995.Firstly,this paper points out that the term NGO has become an essentialist notion over time.A"real NGO"does not exist in any specific society.Thus,the controversy calls into question both the practice of the ACWF and the hegemony of the West.Secondly,this study provides two internal reasons for the ACWF’s speechless reaction to the controversy.The first one is that the ACWF has not formed theories on doing women’s work,to effectively communicate with the West,during the 1980 s and the1990 s.Second comes the problem of"administrationalization"and"out of touch with women".Lastly,this work suggests that the ACWF is in need of re-establishing contact with working women and actively participating in the discussion of gender issues put forward by women,to cope with challenges such as the intricate trend and diversity of gender relations,the under-representation of lower class women,and contests raised by the international society.