内群体认同对外群体幸灾乐祸的影响

Social Identity Increase Schadenfreude toward Out-group Members

目的:考察内群体认同对群体间所发生的幸灾乐祸的影响。方法:采用幸灾乐祸情境故事,分别以低阶层群体成员与大学生为被试完成了两个实验。结果:实验1发现,在低阶层群体成员中,高内群体认同者对外群体成员(高阶层成员)的不幸具有更高水平的幸灾乐祸。实验2探讨了不存在明显的阶层落差的本地-外地群体间的幸灾乐祸现象,结果发现高内群体认同者对外群体成员的不幸依然会产生更高水平的幸灾乐祸。结论:内群体认同影响群际间的幸灾乐祸,内群体认同高的个体在外群体成员遭受不幸时体验到更高水平的幸灾乐祸。内群体认同影响幸灾乐祸的过程中,个体自尊水平并不随幸灾乐祸的发生而改变。

In Study 1,we examined the effect of social identity on schadenfreude with 56 service personnel who are usually believed as lower-class group in China.In Study 2,we examined the effect of social identity on schadenfreude with 150 native undergraduates whose hometown is Shanghai.Overall,our findings support the view that social identity can affect the generation of schadenfreude.The similar results of two studies also show that the effect of social identity on schadenfreude is general instead of depending on specific kind of groups.Evidences of self-esteem between groups after schadenfreude are waiting for further confirmation.