父母拖延与儿童时间管理倾向、学业拖延的关系:儿童意志控制的保护作用

The Relationship among Parents’Procrastination and Children’s Time Management Disposition and Academic Procrastination:The Protective Effect of Children’s Effortful Control

目的:探讨父母的一般拖延行为与儿童时间管理倾向及学业拖延的关系,并考察儿童意志控制水平在其中的保护性作用。方法:使用一般拖延行为量表(家长问卷)、时间管理倾向量表(儿童问卷)、学业拖延量表(儿童问卷)及意志控制量表(儿童问卷)对460名小学生及其父母进行施测。结果:(1)父母的一般拖延行为与儿童的时间管理倾向呈显著负相关,而与儿童的学业拖延呈显著正相关;儿童的时间管理倾向与其学业拖延行为呈显著负相关;(2)父亲的一般拖延行为不仅能够直接正向预测儿童的学业拖延,而且能够通过降低儿童的时间管理倾向间接预测儿童的学业拖延,且儿童时间管理倾向的中介作用会受到儿童意志控制的调节,即与意志控制水平较高的儿童相比,儿童时间管理倾向的中介作用在低意志控制儿童群体中更加显著。结论:父亲的一般拖延行为是儿童时间管理倾向及学业拖延的重要预测因素,而儿童的意志控制能够缓解父亲拖延行为对儿童时间管理倾向及学业拖延的消极影响。

Objective:To explore the relationship among parents’procrastination and children’s time management disposition,effortful control and academic procrastination.Methods:A sample of 460 pupils was recruited in the study to complete the questionnaires about time management disposition,effortful control and academic procrastination.Their parents were invited to complete the General Procrastination Scale.Results:(1)Parents’general procrastination showed a negative correlation with children’s time management disposition,and a positive correlation with children’s time management disposition;Children’s time management disposition had a negative correlation with their academic procrastination.(2)Father’s general procrastination not only predicted children’s academic procrastination directly,but also predicted children’s academic procrastination indirectly by reducing children’s time management disposition.The mediating effect of children’s time management disposition could be moderated by children’s effortful control,with the indirect effect being stronger for children with lower effortful control.Conclusion:Father’s general procrastination was an important predictor of children’s time management disposition and academic procrastination,whereas children’s effortful control could alleviate the effect of father’s general procrastination on children’s time management disposition and academic procrastination.