从邓石如的三次游历论其书法遭遇

Research of Deng Shiru’s Calligraphic Career Through His Three Associations

邓石如与金榜的订交时间,以乾隆五十年(1785年)的可能性更大,乾隆四十六年、四十七年的看法当予纠正。金榜称扬邓氏为李阳冰后一人,与梁巘的预言、程瑶田的肯定是前后呼应的,对邓氏书名在安徽地区的流播起到了重要作用。邓氏与曹文埴初识当在乾隆五十二年(1787年),五十一年说亦误。曹文埴遍赞邓氏四体书为国朝第一,第一次从横向上评定其书坛地位,刘墉、陆锡熊的称赏,也是以此为前提的。邓氏寓居北京仅半年,出都时间至迟在乾隆五十六(1791年)二月间。其出都的原因,与曹文埴极相关,与刘墉失势、陆锡熊以忧暴卒干系不大,根本原因在他自身。邓石如遭到翁方纲等人排诋的原因,极有可能是其篆法问题,而不是审美风格的分歧。邓石如被排斥不能只从表面看作书派之争所致,倒可能是皖派经学家与吴派经学家治学方针的分歧在书法评判上的表现。邓氏的创作道路与生前不遇生后大遇的状况,可为今日书者镜鉴。

The association between Deng Shiru and Jin Bang is more likely to occur in the 50 th year of Qianlong reign(1785)than in the 46 th or 47 th.Jin’s compliment that Deng stands alone as an excellent master after the age of Li Yangbing recalls the prediction of Liang Yan and approval of Cheng Yaotian,undoubtedly helping the promotion of Deng’s book.It is argued that the first encounter between Deng and Cao Wenzhi occurs in the 52 th year of Qianlong reign and the belief of which in the 51 th year is incorrect.Cao recognized Deng’s Four Styles of Calligraphy as first-class across the country,followed by the praise of Liu Yong and Lu Xixiong,which is for the first time that Deng’s academic achievement was acknowledged among his peers.It is believed that Deng left Beijing by the 56 th year of Qianlong reign(1791)after a short residence of half a year in the capital.The reason of his leave may be mostly out of himself rather than the disgrace of Liu Yong nor the sudden death of Lu Xixiong.Deng was pushed aside by peers such as Wen Fanggang generally because of his seal work instead of their divergence on aesthetic approach.It might not be the combat of calligraphic parties but the divergence on study principles between Chinese classicists of Wan and Wu that accounts for his situation.The writing trajectory of Deng Shiru and his circumstances of being famous after his death yet unrecognized during his lifetime could be a reference for contemporary calligraphers.