西汉楚国“玉舞人”组佩研究

Study of the “Jade Dancers” Pendant Set of Chu State in the Western Han Dynasty

"玉舞人"组佩是汉代玉器中独特的门类,盛行于西汉早、中期,佩带者都是女性贵族。目前全国经考古发掘的"玉舞人"组佩墓葬有20余座,分布在陕西、山东、河南、河北、江西、北京、广州、江苏等地,但可复原的组佩并不多。徐州西汉楚国王室墓中发现有7处陪葬"玉舞人"组佩,可复原的组佩有7组,是出土"玉舞人"组佩最多的地区。徐州出土的"玉舞人"组佩皆出自西汉楚国刘氏宗室的女性高级贵族墓葬中,不仅玉质精良、样式独特、雕刻精美,而且有明确的考古信息。这些重要的发现为研究中国古代玉组佩的发展演变、汉代的组佩制度、"玉舞人"组佩的编排方式以及佩带者的身份提供了重要的研究资料。

"Jade dancers"pendant set is a unique category of jade objects in the Han dynasty,which prevailed in the early and mid Western Han dynasty and the status of the wearer was always female nobility.Through archaeological excavation,there are so far more than 20 tombs with discoveries of"jade dancers"pendant set found in Shanxi,Shandong,Henan,Hebei,Jiangxi,Beijing,Guangzhou and Jiangsu,but few of them can be restored.In recent excavation in Xuzhou,seven spots with"jade dancers"have been discovered in royal tombs of Chu state in the Western Han dynasty,among which seven sets can be restored.Thus Xuzhou becomes the area where the most"jade dancers"have been excavated.All those pendant sets are from the tombs of female nobility of the Liu clan.They are made of excellent material with unique style and exquisite carving and bear explicit archaeological information,which provide important evidence for the study of the development and evolution of ancient jade pendant sets and its system in the Han dynasty as well as the combination of"jade dancers"and the status of the wearer.