收入再分配与老年人收入差距

Income Redistribution and the Income Gap among the Elderly

文章采用2002~2018年中国家庭收入调查数据,构造用于分解家庭内部不同家庭成员收入贡献的测算方法,分析家庭内部收入再分配对老年人收入差距的影响,以及配偶、同住子女和同住孙子女的贡献特征。研究发现:(1)家庭内部收入再分配使老年人的个人收入差距缩小约20%,并且对农村老年人影响更强,纵向维度有增加趋势。(2)同住子女对老年人收入差距的贡献最大,同住孙子女挤压了老年人从家庭成员处获得的共享收入。(3)由于养老金性别差异较大,配偶之间的收入共享程度较高,并且在没有与子女同住时配偶之间收入共享是家庭内部收入再分配的主要形式。(4)低收入组老年人对同住子女的依赖更强,高收入组老年人在配偶之间的收入共享程度更高。上述结论有助于认识"家庭"在老年人收入分配中的重要性,有助于推动"家庭养老"相关政策的制定。

Using the China Household Income Project(CHIP)data from 2002 to 2018,the paper proposes an approach to decompose the income contribution of different family members within a family.It analyzes the impact of intra-family income redistribution on the income gap among the elderly.The study finds that:(1)the intra-family income redistribution reduces the personal income gap among the elderly by about 20%,and the impact is stronger in rural areas.(2)Children contribute the most to reduce the income gap among the elderly,and grandchildren squeeze out the shared income that the elderly receive from family members.(3)Due to the significant gender difference in pensions,the shared income between spouses is relatively high.It is the main form of intra-family income redistribution for the elderly not living with children.(4)The elderly in the low-income group are more dependent on their children,and the elderly in the high-income group have a higher degree of shared income between spouses.The paper stresses the importance of"family"in the income distribution among the elderly and calls for policies supporting family old-age support.