电喷雾离子源性能影响因素研究综述

Major Factors Affecting Performance of Electrospray Ionization Sources:A Review Study

自Fenn发明电喷雾离子源(ESI)以来,ESI作为一种软电离技术已广泛应用于化学和生物化学分析等领域。ESI源的合理设计对ESI质谱仪的灵敏度、信噪比等有重要甚至决定性影响。近年来,科研人员通过理论推导、数值模拟、试验研究等方式对ESI源工作原理及性能影响因素进行了广泛深入研究,定性或定量地给出了多个影响因素的细节描述,对影响ESI源性能的机理有了更明确的认识,商用仪器离子源也在这些理论指导下不断改进提高。目前认为影响ESI源质谱取样效率的主要因素包括电离电压、流速、辅助气、温度、喷雾针位置、分析物性质、接口设计等,本文对该工作的研究进展进行了综述。

The latest progress of the extensive and in-depth studies on electrospray ion source(ESI)was tentatively reviewed.The discussions with specific examples centered on:i)The operating principles and modeling of emitted charged droplets from Taylor cone,including the evaporation model,charged residue model and chain ejection model;ii)The influence of major factors,including but not limited to the ionization voltage,liquid flow-rate,auxiliary gas,temperature,emission tip position,analyte properties and interface design,on the yield of ion,sensitivity,signal-to-noise ratio,and sampling efficiency of ESI mass spectrometry;and iii)Optimization of structural design and operation conditions of ESI.In addition,the existing problems,possible solutions,development trends of theoretical and experimental studies,and potential applications of ESI mass spectrometry were also briefly discussed in a thought provoking way.