第一台获得专利的计算机——帕斯卡计算机

The First Patented Computer: Pascal’s Arithmetic Machine

布莱兹·帕斯卡于1642年发明了一种机械式计算机,它是世界上第一台获得专利的计算机。帕斯卡独创了跳锤装置,使该机器可以自动进位,又发明了补码机制,使计算机在齿轮只能单向转动的情况下,仍能进行减法运算。帕斯卡正确预见到,在未来的机器发明中,科学理论将扮演越来越重要的作用。本文基于17—18世纪的早期文献,详细讨论了帕斯卡计算机的研发经过、机械结构、操作方法,阐明了其历史意义。

In 1642,Blaise Pascal invented the mechanical arithmetic machine,which was the first patented computer in world history.He created a mechanical device called Sautoir so that the machine can carry a number automatically.He also designed the 9’s complement to overcome the problem of gears’unidirectional rotating so that the calculator can do subtraction.Through his own experience,Pascal foresaw the tendency that scientific theory would play an increasingly important role in the future invention of machines.Based on primary sources from the 17 th and 18 th centuries,this paper illustrates the design process of Pascal’s arithmetic machine,its mechanical structure,operation,and historical significance.