电子健康档案中的患者权利:法律问题

Patient Rights in Electronic Health Record: Legal Aspects

当今许多国家把发展和实施电子健康系统作为促进医疗进步的重要组成部分。随着电子健康系统的广泛普及,患者获取健康信息的能力得到增强。由于个人医疗数据可被他人以电子方式访问,患者权利保护变得非常重要,应开发技术和法律工具来扩大和保护患者权利。文章分析各国在医院信息系统和电子健康档案发展方向的主要法律行为,聚焦患者权利保护;研究确定患者健康信息获取边界的权利,提出新的组织和法律措施来规范患者对电子健康档案的访问控制问题,建议在医院信息系统和电子健康档案中加强患者角色,赋予患者被遗忘权,作为发展个性化医疗的前提;探索改善医疗保健领域人权状况的具体步骤,提议通过国际文书确保患者权利和基本自由在所有国家都能得到尊重,而不论其国籍或居住地。

The development and implementation of electronic healthcare(E-Health)is an important part of activities in many countries.With the widespread popularity of electronic health systems,patients’ability to obtain health information has been enhanced.Since personal medical data can be accessed electronically by others,the protection of patients’rights becomes very important,and technology and legal tools should be developed to expand and protect patients’rights.This paper analyzes the main legal actions of various countries in the development of hospital information system and E-Health record,focusing on the protection of patients’rights.It studies the right to determine the boundaries of patient health information access,and proposes new organizational and legal measures to regulate patients’access control to E-Health record.It is recommended to strengthen the role of patients in the hospital information system and E-Health record,and give patients the right to be forgotten,as a prerequisite for the development of personalized medical care.It further proposes specific steps to improve the human rights situation in the health care field,and proposes to respect the rights and fundamental freedoms of patients in all countries through international instruments,regardless of their nationality or place of residence.