地理距离、技术距离与集群企业的创新绩效——基于传统制造业集群的实证研究

Geographical Distance,Technological Distance and Innovation Performance of Cluster Enterprises: An Empirical Study on the Traditional Manufacturing Industrial Cluster

基于集群两大特征——地理和技术(知识),用地理和技术的距离分别代表地理和技术的邻近性,运用多元线性回归对海宁经编业集群164家企业的数据进行分析,研究传统制造业集群内企业间的两类距离通过知识获取对企业创新绩效的影响机制。研究发现:地理距离对创新绩效有直接的显著负向影响,技术距离对创新绩效有直接的显著正向影响。与以往结论不同的是:技术邻近性与创新间既不是"倒U型"、也不是正向关系,而是负向关系;地理距离、技术距离通过知识获取对创新绩效产生间接影响。地理距离与知识获取呈负相关,而技术距离与之呈正相关。知识获取有显著中介效应并正向影响创新绩效。因此,理想的传统制造业创新集群应该是企业间强地理紧密和强技术势差的统一。

Based on the two characteristics of clusters,geography and technology(knowledge),and using geographic and technological distances to represent respective geographic and technological proximity,this paper uses the data of 164 enterprises in Haining Warp Knitting Cluster to analyze the impact mechanism of geographic and technological distances on innovation performance through the intermediary variable of knowledge acquisition.It is found that geographical distance has a significant negative effect on innovation performance,while technological distance has a positive impact on innovation performance.Different from previous conclusions,the relationship between technological proximity and innovation performance is negative rather than inverted"U-shape"or positive.In addition,geographical and technological distances have indirect influence on innovation performance through knowledge acquisition.Geographical distance is negatively correlated with knowledge acquisition,while technological distance is positively correlated with knowledge acquisition.Knowledge acquisition has a significant mediating effect and has a positive impact on innovation performance.Therefore,the ideal traditional manufacturing industrial innovation cluster should be the unification of strong geographically closeness and strong knowledge potential difference among enterprises.