历史唯物主义:“大写字母”的生命政治

Historical Materialism:the“Capital”Bio-politics

福柯和奈格里的生命政治陷入了绝对权力与抽象主体的两极对立之中。与之相反,历史唯物主义所确立的实践逻辑将生命政治牢固地锚定在生命政治化的历史进程之中,在具体的历史的社会关系中充分敞开权力生产与主体生产的存在论根据。在实践逻辑的意义上,资本所建构的生命政治生产体系将个体置入个人权利之“解放”与社会治理之“规训”的张力中。一方面,生命政治生产宣告了资产阶级政治解放的破产,使资本对个体的规训达到了“全景敞式”的高度;另一方面,生命政治生产开启了另类解放模式,致力于将最原始的生命存在——身体建构为最崇高的生命形式,将一向作为政治之否定环节的自然生命扬弃为政治的肯定环节。因此,生命政治生产“自由奇点”的降临依赖于新型共同体的建构。以劳动为中介,个人权利与社会治理才能实现历史的和具体的统一,身体才能实现存在论的翻转,从被奴役的“赤裸生命”翻转为表征自由个性的“类存在”。

Foucault and Negri’s bio-politics are caught in the polar opposite of absolute power and abstract subject.On the contrary,the practical logic established by historical materialism anchors the bio-politics firmly in the historical process of the politicization of life,and fully opens the ontology root of power and subject production in under the concrete and history relations.In the sense of practical logic,the bio-politics production system constructed by capital puts the individual in the tension of the liberation of individual rights and the discipline of social governance.On the one hand,the bio-politics production declares the bankruptcy of bourgeois political liberation,which makes the capital’s discipline to the individual reach the height of“panoramic exposure”.On the other hand,the bio-politics production has opened up the alternative liberation mode,and is committed to constructing the most primitive life existence as the most noble life form,and abandons the natural life,which has always been the negative link of politics,as the positive link of politics.Therefore,the arrival of the“singularity”of bio-politics production depends on the construction of a new community.With labor as the intermediary,the individual rights claim and the social governance requirement can realize the historical and concrete unity,and the body can realize the reversal of existentialism,from the enslaved“naked life”to the“existence”that characterizes the free personality of human beings.