魏晋时期对于成佛主体的探讨

Discussion on the Subject of Becoming Buddha in Wei and Jin Dynasties

佛教传入中国伊始,即展开了其中国化的历程。中国佛教对于佛性(如来藏)思想的容受并不始自晋宋之际《涅槃经》的译传,相反,晋宋之际之所以发生般若空至佛性有之转变,《涅槃经》之所以能够在晋宋之际形成一股研究热潮,使佛性(如来藏)思想在其后成为中国佛教乃至整个东亚佛教最具特色的理念之一,都与魏晋时期对于成佛主体之探讨密切相关。本文详细梳理了鸠摩罗什来华以前中国学界、僧界对于成佛主体的研究,认为魏晋时期中国佛教界对于成佛主体之实体性、主体性、实践性之肯认,深刻影响了后来中国佛教对于佛性(如来藏)思想的接受方式。

At the beginning of the introduction of Buddhism into China,it began its process of localization.The adoption of Buddha nature(Tathāgata-garbha)in China did not begin with the translation and spread of Nirvana Sutra during the Jin and Song Dynasties.On the contrary,the transition from prajna to Buddha nature(Tathāgata-garbha)in the Jin and Song Dynasties,the researching of Nirvana Sutra,which made Buddha nature(Tathāgata-garbha)is one of the most important ideas of Chinese Buddhism and even of East Asian Buddhism,are closely related to the discussion of the subject of Buddhism in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.This paper reviews in detail the studies on the subject of Buddhism by Chinese academics and monks before Kumārajīva came to China.It holds that the recognition of the entity,subjectivity and practicality of the subject of Buddhism in the Wei and Jin Dynasties profoundly influenced the acceptance of Buddha nature(Tathāgata-garbha)in later China.