高等教育扩张与阶层间教育机会不平等

Higher Education Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunities between Classes

本文使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2008—2015年数据,利用1999年高校扩招这一政策冲击,研究高等教育扩张对阶层间教育机会不平等的影响。研究发现高校扩招总体上缩小了阶层间相对教育机会不平等,在变换了出生队列分界年、度量指标等一系列稳健性检验后回归结果仍然成立。扩招引起的阶层间教育机会不平等缩小仅发生在省属高校,扩招对教委直属或部委所属高校的教育机会不平等没有显著影响,而在地区所属高校中扩招反而扩大了教育机会不平等。进一步分析发现,扩招对教育机会不平等的影响程度与家庭经济能力、人员和信息流通以及家庭教育背景有关。

Using the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)from 2008 to 2015 and the policy shock of college enrollment expansion in 1999,this paper studies the effect of higher education expansion on the inequality of educational opportunities between classes.This study found that the expansion of college enrollment generally reduces the inequality of relative educational opportunities between classes.The regression results are still valid in a series of robustness tests such as changing birth cohort cut-off year,measurement.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the decline of educational opportunity inequality between classes caused by enrollment expansion only occurs in provincial universities,and there is no significant impact in the universities directly under the Ministry of Education or ministries,while in regional colleges and universities enrollment expansion increases the educational opportunity inequality.Further analysis found that the extent of the impact of enrollment expansion on educational opportunity inequality is related to family economic ability,personnel and information circulation and family education background.