制造业服务化对企业研发创新积极性的影响——基于制造业服务化率“适度区间”的视角

The Effect of Servitization of Manufacturing on Firms’ Innovation Initiative: Perspective of “Moderate Interval” of Servitization Rate

服务化是制造业转型升级的重要趋势之一,而制造业服务化是否带来了创新能力的提升?这一问题的回答对推动中国制造业以合理路径转型升级和建设创新型国家具有重要意义。为此,本文利用2005-2007年中国制造业企业微观数据,对这一问题进行了实证分析发现,制造业服务化与企业研发强度之间呈显著倒U型关系,即制造业服务化率在一定"适度区间"内对企业研发创新积极性有促进作用。然后,本文进一步实证分析发现:国有企业的服务化率"适度区间"比民营企业的更小;相较于资本密集型和劳动密集型企业,技术密集型企业的服务化率"适度区间"最小;分地区看,中部企业的服务化率"适度区间"比东西部企业的更小;分规模看,相较小型企业,大中型企业服务化率"适度区间"更小。此外,制造业服务化主要通过融资约束机制来影响企业的研发创新积极性。

Servitization is one of the important trends in the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.Based on the microeconomic data of manufacturing enterprises in China’s industrial enterprises database of 2005-2007,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of manufacturing servitization on enterprises’innovation initiative.We found that there is a significant inverted U relationship between the manufacturing servitization rate and the R&D intensity,which means the servitization rate of manufacturing industry has a positive effect on the R&D intensity in a certain"moderate interval".What’s more,in view of the heterogeneity of the enterprise,we found that the"moderate interval"of the annual servitization rate of the state-owned manufacturing enterprises is more tight than that of the private enterprises.Compared with the capital intensive and labor intensive enterprises,the"moderate interval"of the servitization rate of the technology intensive enterprises is the smallest.From the regional situation,the"moderate interval"of the servitization rate of the manufacturing enterprises in the central region is the tightest.From the perspective of enterprises in different scale,the"moderate interval"of the servitization rate of large and medium-sized enterprises is smaller than that of small enterprises.In addition,the service-oriented manufacturing industry mainly affects the R&D initiative of enterprises through the financing constraint mechanism.In view of the above research conclusions,the paper finally puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.