民事强制执行法的程序完善与构建框架

The Procedural Improvement and Construction Framework of the Civil Enforcement Law

在我国民事执行规范中,程序缺失和程序制度的非整合是客观存在的现实。这是我国民事程序法治初级阶段所必然存在的问题。这种情形在执行措施的实施、财产调查、执行监督、执行救济方面尤为突出。不仅既有的规范和制度如此,在提交人大审议的《民事强制执行法(草案)》中也同样存在这样的情形。这种情形是由多种原因——法律制定的理念偏识、重实体轻程序的固有意识、执行效率与程序关系的误识、移植借鉴的非整体性等——累加而成。在我国法治发展的新阶段,程序法治的发展必成为法治建设的重点。程序法治发展的核心就是程序的充实和完善。执行法中的程序不同于审判程序而具有自己的特点,应根据不同的制度目的和特点构建相应的程序。这些程序的建构都应当遵循一些基本原理和基本框架,否则必然存在缺失和不足。

In China’s civil enforcement norms,the absence of procedures and the non-integration of procedural systems are objective realities that reflect the stage-by-stage characteristics of civil procedural rule of law in China.This situation is particularly prominent in the implementation of enforcement measures,property investigation and enforcement supervision.This is true not only in the established norms and systems,but also in the Civil Enforcement Law(Draft)submitted for consideration by the National People’s Congress.This situation is due to a variety of reasons,including the conceptual bias of law-making,the inherent consciousness of entity over procedure,the misperception of relationship between the procedure and efficiency of implementation,the non-holistic nature of transplantation.In the new stage of development in China’s rule of law,the development of procedural rule of law must become the focus of rule of law.The development core of procedural rule of law is the enrichment and improvement of procedure.Procedure in the enforcement law is different from the trial process and has its own characteristics,thus should be based on different institutional purposes and characteristics to construct corresponding procedures.The construction of these procedures should follow the basic principles and framework of procedural construction.Once the procedural construction deviates from the principles and separates from the basic framework,the procedures are bound to be deficient and inadequate.