检察公益诉讼的理论优化与机制完善

Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation:Theoretical Optimization and Mechanism Improvement

检察制度因应国家权力结构调整和经济社会发展变迁而发生深刻变革,公益诉讼成为这一变革进程的突破口和发力点。检察公益诉讼在交出亮丽成绩单的同时,也浮显出发展不均衡、协作有困难、衔接不通畅等诸多实践难题。以中国特色法律监督理论为基础,引入结构功能主义积极元素和理论特质,建构一种结构功能主义法律监督观,对走出现实困局具有指导和引领作用。结构功能主义法律监督观反对将法律监督碎片化和泛化,倡导法律监督概念的法定性、法律监督内容的均衡性、法律监督程序的关联性和法律监督价值的完整性。基于结构功能主义法律监督观的指引,可从公益诉讼专门立法、公益诉讼均衡发展、公益诉讼秩序调控、公益诉讼价值衡量等方面依次建构检察公益诉讼的规范供给机制、整体推进机制、协作衔接机制和质效评估机制。通过理论优化和机制完善助推新时代检察公益诉讼行稳致远。

The procuratorial system has undergone profound changes in response to the adjustment of the national power structure and the economic and social development and changes,and public interest litigation has become the breakthrough and starting point of this process of change.The fifth anniversary of the comprehensive opening of the procuratorial public interest litigation has revealed many practical problems,such as unbalanced development,weak cooperation,and poor connection.Based on the theory of legal supervision with Chinese characteristics,introduce the positive elements and theoretical characteristics of structural-functionalism,and construct a structural-functionalism legal supervision view,which has a guiding and guiding role in getting out of the real dilemma.The structural-functionalism view of legal supervision opposes the fragmentation and generalization of legal supervision,and advocates the legality of the concept of legal supervision,the balance of legal supervision content,the relevance of legal supervision procedures and the integrity of legal supervision value.Based on the guidance of the structural-functionalism legal supervision view,the standardized supply mechanism,the overall promotion mechanism,the cooperation mechanism and the quality and efficiency evaluation mechanism of procuratorial public interest litigation can be constructed successively from such aspects as the special legislation of public interest litigation,the balanced development of public interest litigation,the regulation of public interest litigation order,and the value measurement of public interest litigation.Through theoretical optimization and mechanism improvement,the procuratorial public interest litigation in the new era will be promoted to achieve stability and further development.