法律监督视野下检察侦查制度优化

The Optimization of Procuratorial Investigation System from the Perspective of Legal Supervision

我国“侦查-公诉-狭义法律监督”检察权架构,对应形成了“职能保障型-公益保护型-权力制约型”法律监督体系。在法律监督体系中,检察侦查作为保障性职能促进检察机关保护公益、规制公权;在国家监督体系中,其作为制约性职能促进公职人员监督资源合理配置、形成监督闭环。从高质效法律监督履职和增强依法反腐合力的目标导向出发,当前检察侦查制度尚有完善空间。应在党和国家监督体系整体框架下,按照功能主义国家权力配置要求,通过机构和职能整合促进检察侦查的功能发挥和效能提升,同时遵循“分工、配合、制约”宪法原则。循此逻辑,在权能配置上,促进权能内容体系化,启动条件和范围原则性与灵活性相结合,完善侦查权限措施,对接调查核实权;在体制机制上,设立独立于批捕、公诉部门的专门侦查机构,保留公诉部门自行补侦权,理顺“检察一体”与检察官依法独立办案关系;同时从程序性控制和多元监督等方面健全内外监督制约机制,据此系统推进检察侦查制度优化完善。

The procuratorial power structure of“investigation,public prosecution,and narrow legal supervision”in China has correspondingly formed a legal supervision system of“functional guarantee,public welfare protection,and power restriction”.In the legal supervision system,procuratorial investigation serves as a protective function to promote the protection of public welfare and the regulation of public rights by procuratorial organs;In the national supervision system,it serves as a restrictive function to promote the rational allocation of supervision resources for public officials and form a supervision loop.Starting from the goal orientation of high-quality and efficient legal supervision and enhancing the joint efforts in anti-corruption according to law,there is still room for improvement in the current investigation system of procuratorial organs.Therefore,under the overall framework of the supervision system of the CPC and the state,we should promote the integration of institutions and functions according to the functional principle of state power allocation,so as to ensure the function and efficiency of procuratorial investigation.At the same time,the constitutional principles of“division of labor,cooperation,and restraint”should be implemented.Following this logic,in terms of power allocation,we should promote the systematization of power content,ensure the combination of principles and flexibility,improve investigation authority measures,and achieve the integration of investigation and verification powers;In terms of system and mechanism,a specialized investigation institution independent of the arrest and prosecution departments should be established,the self-supplementary investigation power of the prosecution department should be retained,and the relationship between the“procuratorial integration”and the independent handling of cases by prosecutors in accordance with the law should be straightened out;At the same time,we should improve the internal and external supervision and restraint mechanisms for the power of procuratorial investigation,and attempt to explore the possibility and ways of constructing a benign mutual supervision and restraint between supervisory and procuratorial powers based on procuratorial investigation.On this basis,the procuratorial investigation system could be systematically optimized and improved.