未成年人保护公益诉讼中的公共利益

The Public Interest in Public Interest Litigation for Minor Protection

在未成年人保护公益诉讼中,如何理解涉及未成年人的公共利益存在争议。由于公共利益概念的不确定性,对其范围界定需要借助价值补充方法,在具体场景中完成。在公益诉讼场景中,公共利益“不特定多数人利益说”的相对性和公益诉讼恢复性目的的松绑导向均不要求涉未公共利益范围的绝对化,为其在特定情形下的适度扩张提供了空间。在未成年人保护场景中,未成年人的弱势性与发展性使涉未公共利益有必要在内容与功能上有所扩张。内容扩张在一般公共利益之外拓展出针对特定未成年人群体的特殊公共利益,功能扩张在恢复型公益诉讼的基础上催生出增益型公益诉讼。未成年人保护公益诉讼不仅要保护不特定未成年人的利益,还要在一定情形下保护特定未成年人群体的利益;不仅要恢复受到侵害的公共利益,还要促使社会向未成年人投入更多的福利。

It is controversial on the understanding of minor-related public interest in the public interest litigation for minor protection.Due to the uncertainty of the concept of public interest,value supplement is needed as a method to determine it in specific scenarios.In the scenario of public interest litigation,both the relativity of“unspecified majority’s interest”doctrine of public interest and the untying orientation of restorative purpose of public interest litigation refuse to absolutize the scope of minor-related public interest,which offers space for its proper extension.In the scenario of minor protection,the vulnerability and development of minors make it necessary for minor-related public interest to be extended in the dimensions of content and function.The extension in content produces special public interest concerning specified minor groups besides normal public interest and the extension in function induces public interest litigation for gain besides public interest litigation for restoration.The public interest litigation for minor protection should protect not only the interest of unspecified minors,but also the interest of specified minor groups in certain cases,and should be devoted to both the restoration of public interest that has been infringed and the increase of social welfare provided to minors.