行政犯出罪机制的反思与功能实现

The Reflection and Function Realization of the Decriminalization Mechanism of Administrative Crime

行政犯具有典型的行政违法性,行政犯出罪机制相对于传统自然犯罪更为复杂。行政犯出罪机制分为基于规范正义型出罪和基于矫正正义型出罪,在不同出罪模式上既具有普遍性,又具有特殊性。对出罪规范适用现状予以剖析,行政犯出罪规范存在规范供给与实践适用失调,但书型条款在行政犯出罪中功能减弱;单位犯罪立法与司法双重扩张下,规范隐退与出罪需求相抵牾;空白规范独立性与从属性界限不清,前置行政性要素机械适用等问题。为实现行政犯出罪机制的功能,必须要厘清两个基本逻辑前提,行政犯出罪机制功能实现的核心不在于矫正正义型出罪而在于规范正义型出罪;行政犯出罪机制功能实现的症结根源不仅在于法定类型化出罪规范欠缺,更在既有出罪规范现实功能发挥失灵。在此基础上,需始终恪守实质法治的出罪立场,发挥行政犯规范目的的过滤功能,在具体行政性构成要件要素的解释中将实质解释一以贯之。

With the administrative illegality of administrative crime,the mechanism of decriminalization of administrative crime is more complicated than traditional natural crimes.The mechanism of decriminalization of administrative crime is divided into two modes based on normative justice and correctional justice,which are both universal and specific in different modes.Analyzing the current situation of the application of norms of decriminalization,many problems can be found,such as the mismatch between norms supply and practical application,and the weakened function of the“proviso”clause in the administrative offense.Under the dual expansion of unit crime legislation and judiciary,standardizing retirement goes against the needs of decriminalization.In order to realize the function of the administrative offense mechanism,two basic logical preconditions must be clarified.Based on the two preconditions,it is necessary to always abide by the substantive rule of law in decriminalizing administrative crimes,exert the filtering function of the normative purpose of administrative crimes,and make the substantive explanation consistent in the explanation of the specific administrative constituent elements.