买卖人口犯罪的保护法益与不法本质——基于对收买被拐卖妇女罪的立法论审视

The Legal Interests and the Nature of Wrongdoing for the Crime of Human Trafficking:Based on the Legislative Review of the Crime of Purchasing Abducted Women

我国当前实务对收买被拐卖妇女罪与拐卖妇女罪区别对待,尤其是司法中对前者偏于做轻缓的处理。刑事立法上对收买犯罪给予较低的不法评价并配置轻刑,是导致司法宽纵收买犯罪的首要原因;故而,有必要对收买犯罪展开立法论层面的审视。无论是法外因素还是法内因素,均难以为现行立法对收买犯罪做出有别于拐卖犯罪的不法评价提供合理的根据。买卖人口犯罪的保护法益,应当以个人的不被当作商品对待的权利为基础来界定。相关犯罪的不法本质在于将个人当作商品进行买卖,拐卖行为与收买行为在不法构造上属于共同正犯。鉴于当前实务在处理收买犯罪中存在的问题,从司法层面来说,有必要强化对收买犯罪的处罚,用足用好刑法中现有的相关规定,立法层面上则应当明确传达收买犯罪是重罪的价值立场,适当提升收买犯罪的法定刑。

The current criminal law provisions in China treats the crime of purchasing abducted women differently from the crime of abducting and trafficking women.Especially in judicial practice,the former offences tend to be dealt with lightly.At the legislation level of criminal law,giving a lower evaluation of wrongdoing to the crime of purchasing abducted women and assigning a lighter sentence are the primary reasons for such a judicial practice.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a legislative review of the crime of purchasing abducted women.Both of the extra-legal and intra-legal factors are difficult to provide a justifiable basis for the current criminal law provisions,which have made a different evaluation of wrongdoing between the crime of purchasing abducted women and the crime of abducting and trafficking women.The protection of legal interests for the crime of trafficking people should be defined on the basis of the right of a human being not to be treated as a commodity.Furthermore,its nature of wrongdoing lies in the sale and purchase of human beings as commodities,and the two acts of sale and purchase constitute joint-perpetrator in the structure of its wrongdoing.In view of the problems existing in the current practice in dealing with the offenses of purchasing abducted women,it is necessary to strengthen punishing them from the judicial level,making full use of the existing relevant provisions in the criminal law,and at the legislation level,Article 241 of the Criminal Law Code should be amended with regard to its statutory sentence,so as to convey such a value position clearly that the crime of purchasing abducted women is a felony in its nature.