《民法典》第65条商事登记公示效力研究

Study on the Publicity Force of Commercial Registration under Article 65 of the Civil Code

《民法典》第65条规定了商事登记公示效力,对该条进行规范分析,可发现其在规范目的、构成要件、法律效果等诸多方面须藉由法教义学进一步解释和澄清。商事登记公示效力的规范目的在于保护"两种信赖",其本质是"谁得以登记事实对抗另一方"。依据得主张效力的主体不同,可分为公信效力和对抗效力,前者是指善意相对人得以登记事实对抗登记义务人,将登记事实拟制为客观真实存乎于当事人之间,并据此使相关法律事实发生相应法律后果的效力;后者是指登记义务人得以登记事实对抗善意相对人,推定其知悉登记事实的效力。二者在相对人范围、善意及证明责任等诸多方面存在不同程度的差异。此外,依体系解释,宜认为商事登记公示效力自登记事项于企业信用信息公示系统公示时产生;当登记信息与公示信息不一致时,公示信息有公信效力而无对抗效力。

Article 65 of the Civil Code stipulates the publicity force of commercial registration.Through normative analysis,it can be found that there are certain aspects of Article 65 that need to be further explained and clarified through doctrinal analysis such as regulation purpose,constitutive requirements and legal effect.The purpose of stipulating the publicity force of commercial registration is to protect"two trusts",and its essence is"who can propose registration facts against the other party".According to the different subjects that can claim the force,it can be divided into public trust force and confrontation force.The former refers to the force that a bona fide counterpart is able to propose registration facts against the obligor of registration,fetching the facts of registration as being objective and truthful among the parties,and thereby making relevant legal facts have corresponding legal effects.The latter refers to the force that the obligor of registration is able to propose registration facts against the bona fide counterpart,presuming the bona fide counterpart’s knowledge of the registration facts.The two have discrepancies in the connotation of bona fide and burden of proof,the scope of counterparty and etc.In addition,according to the system explanation,it should be considered that the publicity force of commercial registration arises when the registered items are disclosed to the society in the corporate credit information publicity system in accordance with the law.When the registered information is inconsistent with the publicity information,the publicity information shall have the public trust force but not confrontation force.