污染环境罪司法样态透视——基于刑事判决的实证分析

The Judicial Appearance of Environmental Pollution Crimes——Empirical Analysis Based on Criminal Judgments

对裁判文书的分析是对我国污染环境罪的司法样态进行评估观测的有效途径。污染环境罪的刑罚适用与理论预期存在一定程度的背离。实证研究发现,污染环境罪刑罚适用存在自由刑适用结构性失衡、罚金刑功能落空、恢复性司法作用逐渐趋向合理等特点。实证分析得出的污染环境罪刑罚适用的司法现状和问题,需通过解构立法规定与司法实践之间的困境、搭建宽严相济刑事政策与污染环境罪刑罚适用的融通路径、实现污染环境罪的多元化刑罚处罚方法、完善污染环境责任承担体系等一系列措施,实现污染环境罪司法实践中的罪责刑相适应,以期达到遏制环境犯罪和恢复受损生态环境的目的。

The analysis of the judgment documents is an effective way to evaluate and observe the judicial pattern of environmental pollution crimes in China.The empirical research found that the application of the penalty for environmental pollution crimes has a certain degree of deviation from the theoretical expectation.The structural imbalance of the liberty penalty,the failure of the fine penalty function,and the restoration of judicial measures tend to be reasonable.The judicial status and problems applicable to the crime of polluting environmental crimes obtained through empirical analysis need to deconstruct the dilemma between legislative provisions and judicial practice,establish a path of integration between the criminal policies and the application of penalty,applicate diversified penalties,and improve the responsibility system,to meet the crimes and punishments in the judicial practice of environmental pollution crimes,and to achieve the purpose of curbing environmental crimes and restoring the damaged ecological environment.