冠状病毒的反向遗传学研究进展

Research progress on reverse genetics of coronavirus

冠状病毒是一种能够感染多种动物和人快速进化的病原体,可引起轻度至重度呼吸道感染,在全球范围内广泛流行,尤其是2019年爆发了前所未有的SARS-CoV-2疫情,给社会造成了严重的公共卫生危机和重大的经济损失,迫切需要人们加深对冠状病毒生物学的了解。反向遗传学是研究病毒基因组结构和功能的强大平台,已经广泛应用于病毒的复制和致病机理研究、蛋白功能表征、减毒疫苗研发和抗病毒治疗药物的筛选等方面。本文概述了冠状病毒和冠状病毒反向遗传系统的进展并进行展望,期望为进一步开展冠状病毒致病与防治等基础研究及冠状病毒载体构建、新型疫苗研制等应用研究提供新见解。

Coronaviruses are rapidly evolving pathogens capable of infecting a wide range of animals and humans,causing mild to severe respiratory infections,and are widely prevalent globally,especially with the unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2019,which has resulted in a severe public health crisis and significant economic losses to society,and an urgent need to deepen the understanding of coronavirus biology..Reverse genetics is a powerful platform for studying the structure and function of viral genomes,and has been widely applied to the study of viral replication and pathogenesis,characterization of protein function,development of attenuated vaccines,and screening of antiviral therapeutics.In this paper,we summarize the progress of coronaviruses and the coronavirus reverse genetics system and provide an outlook,which is expected to provide new insights for further basic research on coronavirus pathogenicity and prevention,as well as applied research on the construction of coronavirus vectors and the development of novel vaccines.