生命早期肠道菌群的形成及影响因素

The Formation and influencing factors of intestinal flora in early life

从受孕开始至2周岁这1000 d被称为“生命早期1000 d”,是机体健康可塑性最强的阶段,是生长发育的第一个关键时期,也是预防成年慢性非传染性疾病的“机遇窗口期”。在这个关键时期遇到的不同因素可能会影响肠道微生物组成,从而影响以后的患病风险,例如特异性疾病、代谢紊乱、动脉粥样硬化性疾病和神经系统疾病等。本文将主要对出生前胎儿、新生儿及3岁以前婴幼儿时期肠道菌群的形成及其出生后受胎龄、分娩方式、喂养方式、食物、抗生素等因素的影响机制进行综述,为相关临床疾病治疗奠定基础,对保障人类长期健康提供新思路。

The first 1000 days from conception to the second birthday,known as"early life 1000 days",is the most plastic stage,the first critical period of growth and development,and the"window of opportunity"for the prevention of adult chronic noncommunicable diseases.Different factors encountered during this critical period may influence gut microbiota composition and thus later disease risk,such as specific diseases,metabolic disorders,atherosclerotic diseases,.and neurological diseases.This article mainly reviews the formation of intestinal flora in fetuses,neonates and infants before 3 years of age,and the influencing mechanisms of factors such as gestational age,delivery mode,feeding mode,food and antibiotics after birth,so as to lay the foundation for the treatment of related clinical diseases and provide new ideas for the protection of human long-term health.