何簋与周初对功臣的等差封赏

He Gui and Awards to Meritorious Subjects at Early Zhou Dynasty

何簋有形制、纹饰和尺寸完全相同的甲、乙两件,其上的铭文小异而大同。何簋材料公布以后,引起了不少学者的关注。本文在前人研究的基础上,认为何簋中的"何"与何尊中的"何"是一人;其主要内涵是,周公在第二次灭商后,赏赐三个族的民众给有功勋的何,让其从本身所在的贵族大家族中独立出来,建立新的家室。何簋铭文的释读,为探讨周初对功臣的等差封赏提供了契机。

He Gui(an ancient ritual food vessel)is made of two pieces with identical shape,decoration and size as well as basically same inscriptions.After the publication of He Gui,it attracted the attention of many scholars.On the basis of previous studies,this paper believes He Gui and He Zun(an ancient ritual wine vessel)were made by the same people named"He";the inscriptions on He Gui mainly told that after the second overthrow of Shang,the Duke of Zhou(Zhou Gong)awarded the three clans to the meritorious He,and allowed him to be independent from his noble family and start his new family.The interpretation of He Gui’s inscriptions has provided an opportunity to explore the awards to meritorious subjects at Early Zhou Dynasty.