血小板及其来源的细胞外囊泡在恶性肿瘤中的临床价值

Clinical Value of Platelets and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Malignant Tumors

血小板的主要功能是参与止血、维持血管完整性、促进血栓形成。近年来,越来越多的研究证据显示,血小板在肿瘤的生长、增殖、侵袭、转移等过程中也发挥着关键作用。并且这些功能与血小板活化后释放的细胞外囊泡密切相关。血小板活化后释放的细胞外囊泡是一种非均匀的纳米级小泡,包括微粒和外泌体,均表现出原细胞的特性,可携带遗传物质(微小RNA、信使RNA等)、酶、蛋白质和小分子,介导细胞间物质转运的通讯。基于此,血小板与恶性肿瘤之间的相互作用,引起了研究者们的关注。全文就血小板及其来源的细胞外囊泡与恶性肿瘤的相关性研究进行综述,旨在揭示两者既能作为肿瘤的新型标志物的潜力,又能在肿瘤治疗领域发挥巨大的潜能。

The main function of platelets is to participate in hemostasis,maintain vascular integrity,and promote thrombosis.In recent years,studies have shown that platelets also play an important role in tumor growth,proliferation,invasion,metastasis and other processes.These functions are closely related to extracellular vesicles released after platelet activation,which are heterogeneous nanoscale vesicles,including microparticles and exosomes.Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles behave like protocells carrying genetic materials(micRNA,messenger RNA,etc.),enzymes,proteins and small molecules to mediate communication and intercellular material transport.Therefore,the interaction between platelets and malignant tumors has attracted the attention of researchers.This article reviews the relationship of platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles with malignant tumors and their potentials as new tumor markers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.