老年临床药物不良反应分析及用药安全探讨

Analysis and Discussion of Clinical Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Safety of Elderly

目的探讨分析老年临床药物不良反应及用药安全。方法选取我院2018年4月至2019年11月收治的老年患者144例为研究对象,回顾分析患者发生用药不良反应情况以及不良反应临床表现。结果144例患者中,有22例发生用药不良反应,不良反应发生率为15.28%,其中口服药物患者不良反应发生率为19.67%,一般发生在1~2小时之间,肌肉注射患者不良反应发生率为11.11%,一般发生在5~20分钟之间,静脉注射患者不良反应发生率为12.77%,一般发生在15~40分钟之间。数据差异显著,P<0.05;口服药物不良反应患者临床表现均为恶心呕吐、胃痛;肌肉注射不良反应患者66.7%发生为恶心呕吐、胃痛,33.3%发生为心悸、荨麻疹;静脉注射不良反应发生患者50%发生为恶心呕吐、胃痛,33.3%发生为心悸、荨麻疹,16.7%发生为药疹、休克。数据差异显著,P<0.05。结论在老年患者治疗使用药物期间应重视用药的合理性以及安全性,对患者病情的恢复有重要意义,提高治疗有效率,减少用药后的不良反应发生率,从而提高患者生命质量,保障患者生命安全,值得推广普及。

Objective To discuss and analyzed clinical adverse drug reactions and drug safety of elderly.Methods The paper chose 144 elderly patients admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to November 2019 as research objects,reviewed and analyzed adverse reactions and clinical manifestations of patients.Results Among 144 patients,22 had adverse drug reactions,with adverse reactions rate of 15.28%.Among them,adverse reaction rate of oral medication patients was 19.67%,which usually occurred within 1~2 hours.Adverse reactions rate occurred in intramuscular injection patients was 11.11%,which generally occurred within 5~20 minutes,adverse reaction rate of intravenous patients was 12.77%,which generally occurred within 15~40 minutes,data showed significant difference,P<0.05.Clinical manifestations of patients with oral drug reactions were nausea and vomiting and stomach pains;66.7%of patients with intramuscular injections had nausea and vomiting,stomach pains,33.3%with palpitations and urticaria.50%of patients had adverse reactions of intravenous injection,inclduing nausea and vomiting and stomach pains,33.3%had palpitations and urticaria,16.7%had drug eruption and shock,data showed significant difference,P<0.05.Conclusion During treatment and drug use for elderly patients,it is necessary to pay attention to rationality and safety of medications,which have great significance to recovery of patients’conditions,improve treatment effect,reduce incidence of adverse reactions after medication,and life quality and protect lives safety of patients,which is worthy of promotion.