孕前BMI与孕期体重增长对孕妇GDM发病及妊娠结局影响分析

Analysis of the Influence of Pre-pregnancy BMI and Weight Gain during Pregnancy on the Incidence of GDM and Pregnancy Outcome

目的探析孕前体重指数(BMI)与孕期体重增长对孕妇妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病及妊娠结局影响。方法以2016年12月至2019年10月在我院进行孕期保健并住院分娩的孕妇68例作为研究对象。根据其孕前BMI值将其分为低BMI组、正常BMI组和高BMI组;根据其孕期体重增长情况,将其分为低体重增长组,正常体重增长组和高体重增长组。比较各组患者妊娠期糖尿病发病率和妊娠结局。结果①高BMI组GDM发生率明显高于其他两组,高体重增长组GDM发生率明显高于其他两组(P均<0.05);②高BMI组巨大儿、剖宫产率明显高于其他两组,低BMI组低体重儿和早产率明显高于其他两组,高体重增长组巨大儿和剖宫产发生率高于其他两组,低体重增加组低体重儿和早产发生率高于其他两组(P均<0.05)。结论孕前BMI过高和孕期体重增长过快都可能造成GDM,孕前BMI过低或过高以及孕期体重不合理增长均有可能造成不良妊娠结局,应科学控制孕妇孕前和孕期体重在正常范围,降低GDM和不良妊娠结局发生率,保障孕妇和胎儿的健康。

Objective To explore the effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)and weight gain during pregnancy on the onset of gestational diabetes(GDM)and pregnancy outcome.Methods A total of 68 pregnant women who were hospitalized during pregnancy and gave birth in our hospital from December 2016 to October 2019 were selected as the research objects.According to their pre-pregnancy BMI value,they are divided into low BMI group,normal BMI group and high BMI group.According to their weight gain during pregnancy,they are divided into low weight gain group,normal weight gain group and high weight gain group.The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcome in each group were compared.Results(1)The incidence of GDM in the high BMI group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups,and the incidence of GDM in the high weight gain group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups(P<0.05).(2)Giant infants and cesarean section in the high BMI group The rate was significantly higher than that of the other two groups.The rates of low birth weight and premature delivery in the low BMI group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups.The incidence of huge infants and cesarean section in the high weight gain group was higher than that of the other two groups.The incidence of preterm delivery was higher than the other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Excessive pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive weight gain during pregnancy may cause GDM.Too low or high pre-pregnancy BMI and unreasonable weight gain during pregnancy may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes.The pregnant women’s weight before and during pregnancy should be scientifically controlled within the normal range.Reduce the incidence of GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes,and protect the health of pregnant women and fetuses.