社区2型糖尿病患者膳食调查与分析

Dietary Survey and Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes in Community

目的了解社区2型糖尿病患者的营养状况及其与饮食的关系进行膳食调查与分析,为在糖尿病患者中开展营养干预研究提供科学依据。方法选择2017年1月至2019年12月在中山市小榄镇选取7个社区已确诊的非住院2型糖尿病患者140例为调查对象,调查基本情况及饮食状况,测量体重指数BMI、腰臀围、血糖及糖化血红蛋白等营养干预前后的变化。结果140例糖尿病患者平均空腹血糖为11.75mmol/L,体重指数BMI高出正常的占55.7%,腹型肥胖的糖尿病患者的平均血糖高于正常腹围者。47.1%的患者饮食结构中碳水化合物过量,70%的患者没有进食杂粮的习惯或进食杂粮过少,30.6%的患者没有进食蛋奶类的习惯,73.6%的患者没有进食菌藻类习惯,72.1%的患者没有进食坚果习惯,32.9%的患者选择一些不健康的食物及烹饪方式,65.7%的患者进食时先吃主食,只有16.4%的患者先吃蔬菜,81.4%的患者均有进食速度过快的习惯,33.6%的患者不能做到定时定量。结论饮食治疗是糖尿病综合治疗的基础,根据调查结果,应加强干预,给予患者科学、个体化的教育和指导方案,以达到积极控制血糖的目的。

Objective To understand the nutritional status of type 2 diabetes patients in community and the relationship between nutritional status and diet,and to provide scientific basis for nutritional intervention research in diabetes patients.Methods From January 2017 to December 2019,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who have been diagnosed in 7 communities in Xiaolan Town of Zhongshan City were selected as the subjects to investigate the basic situation and diet status,and the changes of BMI,waist hip circumference,blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin before and after nutritional intervention were measured.Results The average fasting blood glucose of 140 diabetic patients was 11.75mmol/l,the BMI was 55.7%higher than normal,and the average blood glucose of abdominal obesity diabetic patients was higher than that of normal peritoneum.47.1%of the patients had excessive carbohydrates in their diet,70%of the patients did not have the habit of eating miscellaneous grains,30.6%of the patients did not have the habit of eating eggs and milk,73.6%of the patients did not have the habit of eating bacteria and algae,72.1%of the patients did not have the habit of eating nuts,32.9%of the patients chose some unhealthy food and cooking methods,65.7%of the patients ate the main food first,Only 16.4%of the patients eat vegetables first,81.4%of the patients have the habit of eating too fast,33.6%of the patients can’t do timing and quantitative.Conclusion Diet treatment is the basis of comprehensive treatment of diabetes.According to the survey results,we should strengthen the intervention,give the patients scientific and individualized education and guidance programs,so as to achieve the purpose of actively controlling blood sugar.