日本表象和民族意识:民国时期的畅销小说《留东外史》

Image of Japan and Consciousness of Chinese Nationals: Times in the East a Best-Selling Novel in the Period of the Republic of China

清末民初两度赴日留学的作家向恺然以平江不肖生为笔名创作了长篇通俗小说《留东外史》,小说以讽刺的笔法主要描绘了1912年到1916年在日本的中国留学生们的堕落生活。本文认为《留东外史》的畅销与中国人在当时的民族意识有关,小说建立了日本女性化的表象,成为被压抑的民族意识宣泄的出口。《留东外史》尽管被批评过于低俗,却为郁达夫等"五四"之后一代留日学生创作新文学作品奠定了基础,是联结着"新文学"的萌芽。

Xiang Kairan,a Chinese writer who went to Japan twice as a student from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of the China,wrote a popular novel Times in the East under the pseudonym of Pingjiang Buxiaosheng. The novel mainly talks about the depraved life of the Chinese students in Japan from 1912 to 1916 in a satirical way. This paper holds that the best sale of Times in the East is related to the national consciousness of the Chinese people at that time. The novel establishes a feminized image of Japan and becomes an outlet for the repressed Chinese nationals. Although the novel was criticized as too vulgar,it laid the foundation for Yu Dafu and other students who studied in Japan to create new literary works after the May 4 th Movement.