论人民法院不得启动不利于被告人的再审

On the People's Court Not Initiating the Retrial against Defendants

人民法院启动再审是我国刑事审判监督程序的一部分,其既包括有利于被告人的再审,也包括不利于被告人的再审。从刑事诉讼基本原理来看,允许人民法院启动不利于被告人的再审的做法违反了不告不理原则、控审分离原则和禁止双重危险原则,在部分案件中还违反了上诉不加刑原则。从世界范围来看,无论是大陆法系、英美法系还是混合法系,无论是否允许法院启动再审,都不允许法院启动不利于被告人的再审。允许法院启动不利于被告人再审的制度在当今已经不具有任何正当性。从实务的角度,人民法院应当立即停止启动不利于被告人的再审;从立法的角度,应当明确禁止人民法院启动不利于被告人再审的规则。

The retrial initiated by the People's Court is part of the criminal trial supervision procedure in China,which includes not only the retrial in favor of the defendants,but also the retrial against the defendants.From the basic principles of criminal proceedings,allowing the People's Court to initiate the retrial against the defendant violates the principle of Antragsdelikt,the principle of separation of prosecution and trial,and the principle of prohibition of double jeopardy.Globally,the civil law system,the common law system and the mixed law system all prohibit the retrial against the defendant without exception,no matter whether the court is allowed to initiate a retrial.There is no justification in today's world for allowing a court to initiate a retrial against the defendant.From the perspective of judicial practice,the People's Court should immediately stop the Court initiating the trial against the defendants;From the legislative perspective,the prohibition of the People's Court from initiating retrial against the defendant should be explicitly set out.