侵犯虚拟货币刑法定性的三层秩序观——从司法秩序、法秩序到数字经济秩序

On the Three-Tiered Order in the Criminal Determination of Virtual Currency Infringement——From Judicial Order,Legal Order to Digital Economy Order

虚拟货币是只有电子生成和存储形式的价值的数字化表示。侵犯虚拟货币的刑法定性之所以出现争议,在于多种秩序观主导了法律解释的过程。实用主义的司法秩序观灵活考虑了立法现状、司法难题、域外法律比较以及对计算机犯罪规范的依赖四个因素,但其内部考量不能维持否定虚拟货币财产性的结论,其外部还面临着三段论司法秩序观的挑战。法秩序统一观追求社会政策适应性和价值观统一性,但在具体运用中对于“违背公序良俗的”数字经济政策容易错误理解。应当在数字经济这一具体的法秩序场域中理解虚拟货币承载的数字金融秩序、财产秩序和计算机网络秩序。对于侵犯虚拟货币行为的具体定性,应当充分考虑数字经济秩序下虚拟货币相关平台和相关个体受到的利益侵犯及其侵害方式。

Virtual currency is digital representation of the value only with an electronically generated and stored form.The criminal determination of virtual currency infringement is controversial given that a variety of ideas on the order dominate the process of legal interpretation.The pragmatic view of judicial order flexibly considers four factors of legislative status,judicial difficulties,comparison of foreign laws and dependence on computer crime norms,but its internal considerations cannot maintain the conclusion of denying the property status of virtual currency,and it also faces the external challenge of the three-syllogism idea of judicial order.The idea of the unity of legal order pursues the adaptability of social policies and the unity of values,but it is easy to misunderstand the digital economic policies on"violating public order and good customs"in concrete application.It is advisable to understand the digital financial order,property order and computer network order carried by the virtual currency in the specific legal order field of digital economy.As for the specific nature of virtual currency infringement,it is imperative to give full consideration to the infringed interests and the infringing way faced by virtual currency-related platforms and individuals under digital economy order.