财产性利益诈骗中的处分行为与处分意识:以债的诈骗为中心

On the Behavior and Awareness of Property Disposal in Property Interest Fraud:Centered on Debt Fraud

正是财产处分所体现出的基于意思的给予这一要素,才将诈骗罪归属于交付罪。财产性利益中一部分是物权性质利益,另一部分是债权性质利益。在诈骗债权性质利益的场合,处分行为表现为将财产性利益输送给对方的行为,即放弃某种权利或者承担某种义务。只要受骗人的行为自愿造成了被害人财产的减损,就具有了处分行为。处分行为本质上是一种输送利益行为,在涉及债权诈骗的场合,处分意识是对利益输送的认识。即使客观上存在处分事实,但主观上没有处分意识时,也不成立诈骗罪。处分意识的内容刻度,正存在于毫无认识与全面认识之间。只要受骗人认识到可能或事实上给予对方利益就可以认定为有处分意识。因为行为人的欺骗,受骗人放弃债权的当场实现可能性的,就遭受了法益侵害,故存在处分行为和处分意识。

It is the element of giving based on intention reflected in the property disposal that the crime of fraud is classified as the crime of delivery.A part of the property interests is those of real right nature,and the other big part is those of creditor’s right nature.On the occasion of fraudulently obtaining the benefits with the nature of creditor’s rights,the behavior of disposal is shown as an act of conveying the property interests to the counterpart,that is,a waiver of a certain right or assumption of a certain obligation.As long as the act of the deceived person voluntarily causes the decrease or loss of victim’s property,the behavior of disposal is formed.The behavior of disposal is essentially an act of conveying interests.In situations involving creditor’s rights fraud,the awareness of disposal is the understanding of the act of conveying interests.Even if the behavior of disposal exists objectively,but there is no awareness of disposal subjectively,the crime of fraud is not established.The content-based scale of the awareness of disposal lies between the complete ignorance and the comprehensive understanding.As long as the deceived person realizes the possible or actual interests given to the counterpart,the awareness of disposal can be determined.If the deceived person waivers the possibility of realizing the creditor’s rights on the spot due to the deception of the perpetrator,the legal interest suffers damage,and the behavior and awareness of disposal exist.